Market overview

Japan’s cash equity market is operated by Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc., part of Japan Exchange Group. TSE runs four markets: Prime, Standard, Growth and the TOKYO PRO Market. Prime is defined for companies with market capitalisation and liquidity suited to institutional investors and a higher quality of corporate governance; Standard sets the basic governance level expected of a listed company; Growth is for companies disclosing business plans for high growth potential that carry relatively high investment risk on track record. TOKYO PRO Market sits apart, created under the professional-oriented market system introduced by a 2008 amendment to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, where exchange-approved J-Advisers, not the exchange, conduct the listing examination and support the company afterwards.

Read the full overview and sources

The scale is set out in TSE’s own count. As of Sep. 02, 2026 the exchange listed 1,549 companies on Prime, 1,557 on Standard, 598 on Growth and 187 on TOKYO PRO Market, a total of 3,891, of which 5 are foreign companies. That total has drifted down through the year: it was 3,933 at Jan. 31, 2026 and 3,892 at Aug. 31, 2026, so consolidation and delisting have been running ahead of new listings.

The market regulator is the Financial Services Agency, which sets the guidelines, administers the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and publishes administrative actions against regulated institutions. TSE itself writes and enforces the trading rules. Auction trading runs in two sessions, a morning session from 9:00 am to 11:30 am and an afternoon session from 12:30 pm to 3:30 pm, with orders accepted from 8:00 am and 12:05 pm respectively. The market is closed on Saturdays, Sundays, national holidays, from January 1 to January 3 and on December 31. Prices are contained by daily price limits set in absolute yen against the previous day’s closing price, and those limits are widened on the third business day when an issue closes locked at the limit with no trading for two consecutive business days. Everything runs on the arrowhead matching system, in place since January 4, 2010; the physical trading floor closed on April 30, 1999.

The headline benchmark is TOPIX, the Tokyo Stock Price Index, a free-float adjusted market capitalisation weighted index covering domestic common stocks across Prime, Standard and Growth. Its base date is January 4, 1968 at 100 points and it has been calculated since Jul. 1, 1969. Issues on Special Alert, issues designated as securities to be delisted and very recently listed issues are excluded.

Alongside equities sits one of the world’s largest sovereign debt programmes. The Ministry of Finance issues Japanese Government Bonds under an annual JGB Issuance Plan, sells them through auctions to a primary dealer group under the JGB Market Special Participants Scheme, and also issues Treasury Discount Bills and Japan Climate Transition Bonds. GSN covers Japanese listed company disclosure, TSE market structure and index changes, FSA rulemaking and the JGB programme.

Sources

This overview is based on the official documents listed below, last checked 2026-09-03. Figures are as stated in those documents.

Top stories

Regulation

LEIFRAS replaces its auditor with Forvis Mazars ahead of a possible Tokyo listing

The Nasdaq listed operator of children's sports schools is consolidating its Japanese and US audits under one firm, and restated the material weaknesses reported in its latest annual report.

Office towers in the Ebisu district of Tokyo

More news from Japan

Japanese Market Explainers

東京の証券会社のトレーディングルームで、複数のモニターに国債利回りのグラフが表示されている様子
Bonds

Why Do JGB Futures Trade a Bond That Doesn't Actually Exist?

Japan's long-term government bond futures are benchmarked to a standardized, hypothetical bond, yet settlement draws on a basket of real bonds, one of which typically becomes the cheapest to deliver. Here is how the mechanism works.

証券取引所の電光掲示板に表示される企業の決算数値と株価の変動を見つめるトレーダーたち
Earnings

Why Profits Can Rise When Revenue Falls

When revenue misses market expectations yet profit beats them, what does this seemingly contradictory earnings pattern actually reveal?

証券取引所の電光掲示板に映る株価とチャートを見つめる投資家たち
Equities

How Share Buybacks Move Stock Prices

Share buybacks reduce the shares in the earnings-per-share denominator without changing total profits, creating a mechanical boost that plays out differently depending on market supply and demand.