Market overview

Saudi Arabia’s equity market is run by the Saudi Exchange, the trading arm of Saudi Tadawul Group, and supervised by the Capital Market Authority. The CMA Law establishes the Authority as the body that reports directly to the President of the Council of Ministers and gives it the mandate to regulate and develop the Exchange, to regulate the issuance of securities, and to protect investors from manipulation and unfair practices. Post-trade functions sit with Edaa, the securities depository centre owned by Saudi Tadawul Group, which handles deposit, transfer, settlement and registration of ownership. The headline benchmark is the Tadawul All Share Index, usually written as TASI; the parallel market has its own gauge, the Nomu Parallel Market Capped Index.

Read the full overview and sources

Listings are split between two boards. The Main Market carries the large regulated issuers and the Nomu Parallel Market carries smaller companies under lighter admission requirements. At the end of the first quarter of 2026 the CMA counted 269 companies listed on the Main Market with a combined market capitalisation of SAR 9,858,847.45 million, of which SAR 3,286,715.00 million was free float, and a market price earnings ratio of 16.87. TASI closed the quarter at 11,249.54 points. Nomu held 125 listed companies worth SAR 38,846.23 million, with its capped index at 22,705.28 points. Value traded on the Main Market over the quarter was SAR 291,072.12 million.

Trading runs Sunday to Thursday, excluding Saudi public holidays. The Exchange’s Trading and Membership Procedures set an opening auction from 09:30 to 10:00, continuous trading from 10:00 to 15:00, a closing auction for listed securities other than debt instruments and exchange traded funds from 15:00 to 15:10, and a Trade at Last session from 15:10 to 15:20. Trades in all types of securities settle two business days after execution, the T+2 cycle Edaa operates. Prices and settlement are in Saudi riyals.

Foreign access is defined by the CMA’s Rules for Foreign Investment in Securities. A non-resident foreign investor, other than a foreign strategic investor, may not hold 10% or more of the shares or convertible debt instruments of any listed issuer, and foreign investors in aggregate are capped at 49% of an issuer. The Exchange publishes the resulting ownership data as the Authority directs.

Sovereign issuance is the other half of the market. The National Debt Management Center reported outstanding central government debt of SAR 1,519 billion at end-2025, equal to 33% of GDP, with 87% in fixed-rate instruments, a 62% domestic to 38% international funding mix and an average time to maturity of 9.0 years. Its 2026 plan cites a budget deficit of SAR 165 billion and maturities of SAR 52 billion, for gross financing needs of SAR 217 billion, against nominal GDP projected at SAR 4,965 billion. Domestic riyal sukuk are issued on a published monthly calendar.

Banks, energy, materials and telecommunications dominate the Main Market by revenue and profit, alongside a growing set of REITs and exchange traded funds; Nomu is where smaller industrial and consumer names list first. The exchange operator itself is listed: Saudi Tadawul Group reported operating revenue of SAR 617.1 million in the first half of 2026, down 4.6% year on year on softer trading activity. GSN covers Saudi listings, results announcements, CMA rulemaking and NDMC sukuk auctions from these primary documents.

Sources

This overview is based on the official documents listed below, last checked 2026-09-03. Figures are as stated in those documents.

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