Market overview

The Australian Securities Exchange, ASX, is the country’s main listing and trading venue for equities and listed debt, and the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, ASIC, is the statutory body above it. ASIC describes itself as Australia’s integrated corporate, markets, financial services and consumer credit regulator, an independent government body set up under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 that does most of its work under the Corporations Act. Its stated role is to improve the performance of the financial system, promote confident and informed participation by investors and consumers, and enforce the law. The Reserve Bank of Australia sets monetary policy and publishes the statistical tables on its balance sheet, policy operations and administered rates. Prices are quoted in Australian dollars. The Listing Rules point at the index family themselves: an entity that will join the S&P/ASX 300 Index on admission must have a remuneration committee made up solely of non-executive directors.

Read the full overview and sources

Admission runs through Listing Rule 1.1. An applicant needs a free float of at least 20% and at least 300 non-affiliated security holders, each holding an unrestricted parcel of the main class worth at least $2,000, and spread obtained by artificial means does not count. It must then pass one of two financial tests. The profit test requires aggregated profit from continuing operations of at least $1 million over the last three full financial years and consolidated profit above $500,000 for the 12 months to a date no more than two months before the application. The assets test requires net tangible assets of at least $4 million after fundraising costs, or a market capitalisation of at least $15 million, with working capital of at least $1.5 million. Quotation carries its own conditions: securities must be issued or sold at no less than 20 cents in cash, and listed debt securities must have an aggregate face value of at least $10 million.

Foreign companies reach the board by two routes. A standard ASX Listing requires registration as a foreign company carrying on business in Australia; where local law prevents the shares themselves being registered or transferred, CHESS Depositary Interests are quoted over them through ASX Settlement, the approved clearing and settlement facility. An ASX Foreign Exempt Listing instead defers to the applicant’s overseas home exchange, whose rules the entity must be subject to and complying with, and afterwards follows only a short list of ASX rules. Those thresholds are far higher: an applicant that is not a qualifying New Zealand entity needs operating profit before income tax of at least $200 million in each of the last three full financial years, or net tangible assets or market capitalisation of at least $2,000 million. Qualifying New Zealand entities are held to the ordinary profit and assets tests, which is why trans-Tasman listings are routine.

Sovereign debt is issued by the Australian Office of Financial Management, which has operational independence in executing the Government’s financing. Budget Paper No. 1 put the total face value of Australian Government Securities on issue at $951,939 million as at 11 March 2025: $869,349 million of Treasury Bonds, $41,085 million of Treasury Indexed Bonds and $41,500 million of Treasury Notes. There were 30 Treasury Bond lines, weighted average term to maturity 6.4 years, longest maturity June 2054, including a Green Treasury Bond maturing in June 2034 and first issued in June 2024.

Resources are written into the rulebook itself: mining entities and oil and gas entities have their own call programs, payable in full within two years of issue and not extendable. GSN covers Australian company results and continuous disclosure released through ASX, ASIC guidance and enforcement, government issuance, and Reserve Bank decisions.

Sources

This overview is based on the official documents listed below, last checked 2026-09-03. Figures are as stated in those documents.

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