Market overview

South Africa runs the deepest securities market on the African continent, and it is a market with more than one exchange. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange remains the primary venue, but the Financial Sector Conduct Authority and the Prudential Authority have licensed competitors alongside it: A2X, ZAR X, the Cape Town Stock Exchange, which relaunched from 4 Africa Exchange, and Equity Express Securities Exchange, which has opened a bond market of its own. All of them connect to a single settlement layer.

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That layer is Strate, the country’s principal central securities depository and central collateral platform. Strate holds the legal digital record of ownership for equities, bonds, money market instruments and participatory interests in collective investment schemes, and it acts as a self-regulatory organisation mandated by the Financial Markets Act. Equity settlement moved from T+5 to T+3 in a project led by the JSE, and bond and money market settlement now runs on the same TCS BaNCS platform. Strate was later admitted as a participant of Euroclear Bank, opening a direct depository link for cross-border transfers, and holds a trade repository licence.

Conduct regulation sits with the FSCA, a statutory body established in 2018 under the Financial Sector Regulation Act, No. 9 of 2017, reporting to the Minister of Finance and located in Pretoria. Section 57 of that Act sets its mandate: supporting the efficiency and integrity of the financial system and protecting financial customers. It works through six divisions, including Market Integrity and Conduct of Business Supervision. The South African Reserve Bank sits on the other side of the twin peaks structure. Its Financial Markets Department implements the policy rate, has run a surplus reserves system since 2022, manages the gold and foreign exchange reserves, and administers Jibar and the ZARONIA overnight benchmark.

Index coverage comes from the FTSE/JSE Africa Index Series, whose ground rules reached version 9.2 in August 2026. Seven headline indices sit at the top, among them the All Share and the Top 40. The All Share takes the largest eligible companies by full market capitalisation making up 99 per cent of eligible ordinary securities on the JSE main board; the Top 40 holds the 40 most investable companies by investable market capitalisation. Minimum global free float for inclusion is 5 per cent, and a security must turn over at least 0.5 per cent of its free floated shares in at least 10 of the 12 months before each March and September review. The headline indices were harmonised to a SWIX free float basis on 18 March 2024.

Government debt is the other half of the market. National Treasury raised US$3.5 billion offshore in December 2025 through a 12 year bond maturing in 2037 and a 30 year bond maturing in 2055, US$1.75 billion each, priced at 6.25 per cent and 7.375 per cent against 7.1 per cent and 7.95 per cent on the comparable 2024 issue. The order book reached US$13.1 billion, 3.7 times oversubscribed, and US$1 billion was set aside against a 2026/27 foreign currency requirement of US$4.3 billion. GSN covers listings, results and regulatory action across these venues, the rand debt programme and the resource, financial and industrial companies that dominate the boards.

Sources

This overview is based on the official documents listed below, last checked 2026-09-03. Figures are as stated in those documents.

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